Polyester
This material, also known as “plastic,” has been introduced to the bowling industry in the 1960’s.Balls made of polyester are much cheaper and very durable as compared to other types of balls.The polyester surface is hard and so the friction with the lane is very low. This causes plastic to skid more and have a much straighter direction. Beginners mainly use polyester balls, whereas advanced bowlers tend to use them as spare balls.
Urethane
In the late 1970’s, bowling manufacturers introduced a new material called polyurethane or simply urethane. Being softer than polyester, urethane produces more friction and it hooks more. Another interesting aspect of this material is that, in order to increase or decrease the hook potential, urethane balls can be sanded or polished. You might want to use a urethane ball when learning to hook the ball or when playing on a dry lane.
Reactive Resin
The early 1990’s brought new bowling balls manufacturing techniques. The manufacturers started adding resin particles to the urethane coverstocks, because the resin made the ball tackier, leading to increase of the friction, thus creating more hook. When used on oiled lanes, the resin makes the ball skid more. When used on dry lanes, the friction increases so the ball has a bigger backend reaction for more striking power than prior ball types. Advanced bowlers use the reactive resin coverstock on most lane conditions.
Particle
The popularity of resin balls inspired manufacturers to start adding textured particles such as ceramics and glass for an extra kick. This created even more friction, so the ball hook was more controllable on the oiled lane. The hook potential for most particle bowling balls is higher than all of the other types of coverstocks. Because these balls are so aggressive, most particle balls are for use on oily lane conditions only.
You may want to check out the approved bowling balls from “World Tenpin Bowling Association (WTBA)“
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